Types of Scholarships

College education is very important for young people in modern society. It is already known that people, who have higher education, have bigger potential for professional growth. The only problem that occurs now is that education in college or university is extremely expensive and not everyone can afford it. That is why government and private facilities offer scholarships available for students. Scholarship is a financial help provided for students on various bases. Applying for scholarship is one of the most effective funding options. The reason for this is that scholarships do not have to be paid back. Every year scholarships become available for undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate students. Most of the scholarships and grants are usually given to need-based students, while also there is the number of opportunities to win the scholarship on other basis. Students have a chance to apply for different kinds of scholarships. In the United States there are 8 principal categories of scholarships: First one is Major Scholarship. It is sponsored by specific departments in college or private colleges which offer particular major. Another category is State Scholarship. It is granted to some particular states. This means that only people who live in the specific state can get this kind of grant. Non-Represented Scholarships are private or corporate kinds of grants. There are also Minority Scholarships, primarily offered to African-Americans, international students and women. Precise scholarships sponsored by religious organizations, called Religious Scholarships. One more type of scholarship which is very helpful for young people is Athletic and Special Talent Scholarships. It is sponsored by talent and sports programs. Fraternity or Sorority Scholarships are financed by national or local fraternities or sororities. People with some disabilities (blind or handicapped) can also get a scholarship. They can apply for Special Scholarship, which is financed by college special needs programs. Each category of scholarship has different requirements for the person who apply for it. Such great variety of scholarships allows students to find the one that is the most suitable for them. It helps young people to get higher education even if they are not able to pay for their education themselves. The most well-known federal programs that provide various scholarship grants are: The Federal Pell Grant, The Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant and Federal Work Study Program. The Scholarships have a lot of advantages comparing to other funding options, like savings, borrowing etc. One of the main advantages is that scholarship doesnt have to be paid back. Scholarships usually cover the full cost of educations in the particular college, while it may be difficult to borrow or to save such an amount of money. Another advantage is that everyone can try to apply for scholarship. Even though scholarships can be a very good way to get college education they also have some disadvantages. For example, some scholarship programs give money at the end of the academic year, which is not very practical. Also some scholarships offer only partial financing and do not cover all the costs at college. There is the number of kinds of scholarships. Which one to apply for, is up to you. The process of getting a scholarship is not easy, but if you will try hard enough, you will reach a success and will get a chance for FREE education.

Homeless Children The Poverty Rate, Lack Of Affordable...

Homeless Children According to recent reports child homelessness, an estimated 2.5 million children are homeless in the United States. Sadly, nearly half of these children are under the age of five. In fact, one in every thirty children is considered homeless and the numbers continue to increase annually (Bassuk, E., DeCandia, C., Beach, C., Berman, F., 2014) Though many factors contribute to this social epidemic, the high poverty rate, lack of affordable housing and single parent households are the most notable influences nationally. The most vulnerable of the population are African American and Hispanic single mothers with poor education (Bassuk, E.et al. ,2014 ) . These families tend to have low paying jobs, live in dangerous neighborhoods and have unreliable transportation. With limited resources available to sustain economic security, families become homeless and the children suffer the consequences. Homelessness children are subjected to harsh living conditions and traumatic events that have lasting effects on their overall health. From conception and throughout life the experience of homelessness impedes the physical, emotional, cognitive, social, and behavioral development of children (Bassuk, E.et al. ,2014) . By understanding the factors that affect healthy development, appropriate intervention and prevention strategies can be implemented to ensure resilience and healthy development. Literature Review Biological Multiple factors contribute to theShow MoreRelatedAffordable Housing Is A Problem For The Working Poor901 Words   |  4 Pagesmillion homeless people in the United States, and that number not only includes individuals but families and children. These numbers are quite astounding to me, because we live in a nation full of opportunities for anyone seeking to have a better life for their family. However, not enough affordable housing is one the main reasons for homelessness. From the late 1980, affordable housing became a problem for the working poor. ‘Despite improvements in employment, the number of people in poverty (4.8Read MoreThe Outcasts Of Society, The Lazy And Incompetent, Or The Victims Of Extreme Misfortunes?1607 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals are at risk of experiencing temporary homelessness at a certain point in a particular year with some 1.35 million children based on the report by the National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty (Aratani). In 2005, 50 percent of the cities in the US were surveyed and reported domestic violence, classified as a traumatic life event, to be the primary cause of homeless (Philipps). The cities that were surveyed include Cedar Rapids, Chicago, Los Angeles, Burlington, Nashville, St. Paul, SaltRead MoreHomelessness And The United Kingdom1747 Words   |  7 Pagesglobalised concern for centuries. 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Kindergarten Reflection free essay sample

Based on my observations from watching the teachers in the videos combine with teaching kindergarten 7 years ago and being a primary teacher after that, my thoughts on the role of teachers in kindergarten are now somewhat confused. When I was a Kindergarten teacher, we still had themes and critical pathways were just being introduced (although not called as such). In general, our focus as a kindergarten team was mainly literacy based: print-rich classrooms, several opportunities for shared, modeled, guided and independent reading/writing, using non-fiction and fiction stories to teach themes, word wall, etc). The goal as the kindergarten team was to help students become cooperative learners who were able to apply basic math skills (counting, measuring) and basic language skills (simple decoding strategies, sounding out words to make simple sentences, know some simple high-frequency words, retell and predictions) so that they can be ready for the challenges in Grade 1. The program was more controlled and structured, and I always had an agenda for the kids at every centre. We will write a custom essay sample on Kindergarten Reflection or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition to notes from observations, assessment was also conducted must-do jobs. In the video, this teacher (me) acted as a systems manager and moving forward, wasn’t the most constructive way to develop an inquiry-based classroom. I find that with the FDK program, teachers take a facilitating and guiding role. There is no agenda. Teachers observe learning in the context of inquiry where children can question, plan, observe, reflect, discuss and communicate their findings with others. The teacher is intentional with the choice of materials used at the centres and he/she is intentional with how he/she will divide his/her time with students as he/she observes and identifies the learning that the students are engaged in. Observations are used to guide interactions between the teacher and students both verbally and non-verbally. The teacher chooses to intentionally spend time at a centre to observe and identify the learning that is taking place while aiming to extend the child’s thinking by asking the child what they are doing and thinking (i. e. how they are solving the problem). The teacher is responsible for asking intentional questions, self-reflect on the interactions/observations and plan for next steps. I agree with Nick Radia when he says that Key is knowing the curriculum. In other words, the teacher acts as the problem solving facilitator and guide. Both the teacher and student work together to co-create their knowledge throughout the classroom. Uncertainties I have: Re: Memorizing the curriculum-I think it will be extremely beneficial and more effective to have the curriculum to refer to from the tops of our heads, but if are using the curriculum for the first time, how can we take advantage of each moment? What about Long term plans? Is planning based on inquiry units as I have done with other grades?

To Kill A Mockingbird Essays (204 words) - To Kill A Mockingbird

To Kill A Mockingbird The South represents a region of the United States which demonstrates relatively traditional values. For example, southern societies suggest men act like gentlemen, and women act in a polite manner and wear dresses. Such characteristics mainly emerge in small southern towns because they remain unaffected by large groups of people from different parts of the country. Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird documents the life of a young girl growing up in small Maycomb, Alabama. Jean Louise Finch, also known as Scout, represents a young girl who attempts to find her identity. The young tomboy receives pressure from adults who insist she should conform to the traditional role of a southern lady. Harper Lee uses nicknames, fistfighting, virile clothing, and undesirable women to portray Jean Louise's masculinity while encouraging her to postpone becoming a lady. In traditional society, parents name children according to their gender. Common names for boys include John, Robert and James, whereas Elizabeth, Sarah, and Cathy represent standard names for girls. The author gives her main character two common female titles, Jean Louise. Many southern females have two first names which reinforces their role in society as a Southern Belle, or a traditional southern lady. Lee con Theater Essays

Overrated Pity essays

Overrated Pity essays Tea and Sympathy by Robert Anderson is based upon several factors of todays society and the truth about human interactions. It shows the lack of acceptance in the United States today and how it affects public society. In this play by Anderson, a young teachers wife finds a way to communicate with a boy who is an outcast while attempting to make a difference in a world where many are ridiculed in a plea for tolerance. Tea and Sympathy portrays the logic and emergence of a new age where difference is morally wrong and improper. An innocent boy goes swimming with an instructor-an instructor whom he likes because this instructor is one of the few who will encourage him, who dont ride him. -And because hes an off-horse, you and the rest of them are only too glad to put two and two together and get a false answer-anything which will let you go on and basically persecute a boy whom you basically dont like. (Pg 42) This line is spoken of rage and is overcoming obstacles that one woman can no longer bear. Laura finally tells her controlling, arrogant husband that his bias ways are finally out of control and his favoritism has to end. The idea in general of not getting anywhere in humanity because of facial features, sexuality and origin of sex even, has gotten out of hand. The fact that a young adolescent who does not have the urge to become involved in athletics makes him a homosexual is preposterous. The problem with the United States has everything to do with judgmental hypocrites and physical beauty. Just because members of elite, high-class society do not care to look twice at underprivileged middle-class civilization, everybody has to undergo. If an individual does not look like a celebrity icon, they are not precious enough to be in the cream of the crop authority. Unreasonable laws are brought ajar, and disadvantages are given to the weaker powers. They are lo ...

Centre for Foundation Studies Essays

Centre for Foundation Studies Essays Centre for Foundation Studies Essay Centre for Foundation Studies Essay Returning Students –checking the Course/ Subject taken/ Time Table/Class Schedule for Sem. 2, 2010/2011 DATE/VENUE 25th October 2010 – Please refer to IIUM CFS website and Notice board at Respective Academic Department/ Any problems see Academic Advisor Website: iium. edu. my/asasi/ 25th October 2010- Classes /Venues and Group as assigned in the Time Table is fixed and no change of Group No )- Any problems see Academic Advisor during ADD/DROP Session. 6th October 2010 – DOSP counter STRICTLY FOR THOSE STUDENTS WHO HAVING PROBLEM WITH THEIR TIME TABLE ONLY ONE STOP CENTRE (AMF) -26th until 28th Oct. (9. 00am- 12. 30pm and 2. 30 pm-4. 15 pm) 26th – 28th October 2010 Venue: Multipurpose Computer Lab (9. 00am-12. 30pm/ 2. 15pm- 4. 30pm) 1st 2nd November 2010 Time: 9 a. m. – 12. 30 p. m. : 2 p. m. – 4 p. m. Venue: For PJ campus will be held at Multipurpose computer Lab A 1th – 7th November 2010 DOSP Counter 8th – 14th November 2010 Print your CRS through STUDENT PORTAL Website: http://my. iium. edu. my/portal/page/portal/myiium_main_v3 or http://my. iium. edu. my/asasi/ (click at MyIIUM CFS) . Lecture Begin (Class start – Class Attendance will be calculated ) 3. Collect and fill in the ADD/DROP form– at the Department of Sciences Programmes Counter. (DOSP) See and get advice , approval and stamping from your Academic Advisor at ONE STOP CENTRE (at AMF) Do On-line ADD/DROP Session and submit one copy of ADD/DROP form to the staff in charged at the computer lab. Registration for Tilawah Courses (Code TQB1000B for Brother/TQS1000B for Sister) 4. 5. Registration for Pre-Graduating Students for End of Sem 2,2010/2011 Printing of Course Registration Slip (CRS) for Semester 2, 2010/2011 through STUDENT’S PORTAL. COMPULSORY to All students) IMPORTANT: Student must print and check the list of courses/subjects that he/she registered for Semester 2, 2010/2011 –Please ensure the data in your CRS is correct in term of Course Code and Group/Section any incorrect data /or amendment of data , please bring your CRS to Departments of Sciences Programmes (DOSP)Fi ne will be imposed for the late amendment of data (after 14th November 2010- RM 5. 00 perday) 6. 7. Print and Submit Graduation Audit Slip (GAS) for PreGraduation students for End Semester 2, 2010/2011. Submit One copy GAS at Dept. f Sciences Programmes (DOSP) counter Mid-Semester Examination Students portal Website : as above 8. 10th -12th December 2010 17th – 19th December 2010 25th December 2010 – 2nd January 2011 3rd – 7th January 2011 DOSP Counter 10th – 14th January 2011 9. 10. Mid-Semester Break Collect of Course Summary Statement (CSS) for PreGraduating Students End-of-Semester 2, 2010/2011 Checking Master List for Pre-Graduating Students -End of Semester 2, 2010/2011 (For Final Semester Students only) Online Teaching Feedback Survey (TFS) – Compulsory to All Students Announcement for Students to be barred from Final Examination 1. 16. 17th – 21st January 2011 17. 9th February 2011 18. 19. 20. Revision period Final Examination for Semester 2, 2010/2011 M. U. E. T (Refer to the Admission Records Department for further information) Inter Semester Vacation Announcement of Final Examination Result Semester 2, 2010/2011. Semester 3, 2010/2011 Begin (New Semester Begin 9th – 13th February 2011 14th – 25th February 2011 Date for Registration and Examination of MUET , Please refer to AR Counter. 21. 22. 26th February 11 – 20th March 2011 Students are required to refer to Student Portal/CFS website as above. 1st March 2011 23. ** The Department of Sciences Programmes reserves the right to make changes when necessary. REMINDER: 1. During the classes/lecture period , students are NOT ALLOW to apply any personal vacation (ie: umrah, family vacation, family wedding, out site society activities/program, take care of family in hospital etc). Permission to be excused from class is only for acceptable reasons – death, sick. If more than 2 weeks students are encourage applying for Study Leave for Semester 2,2010/2011. IMPORTANT: Please inform your parents about this matter) Students must fulfill the requirement 80% of class attendance for every registered course.

International Marketing Plan Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

International Marketing Plan Report - Essay Example Iraq is a Muslim country located partially in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf region. Iraq is built on the remnants of the ancient Babylonian Empire. It has gone through various historical periods like being part of the Greek Empire under Alexander the Great and the Roman Empire. The area in present-day Iraq became part of the Ottoman Empire and this passed to the British after World War I. Iraq became more autonomous after World War II and finally got into the hands of Saddam Hussein after a coup detat in 1979. Under Saddam Hussein and his Baath party, Iraq became an ally to the West and it fought a war against Iran between 1980 and 1988. In 1991, after Iraq invaded Kuwait, the United States and other coalition forces entered Iraq and liberated Kuwait. In 2003, the US President, George W. Bush invaded Iraq and this led to a period of democracy, reforms and restructuring that exists today in the country. Iraq is bordered by Turkey, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Its main land area is dominated by sandy deserts (Fontan, 2009). Iraq has two main rivers, one of them being the Euphrates which has fertile alluvial plains that have led to the creation of major cities throughout the country (Baskhin, 2011). The extended family is the basis of the Iraqi social system. It involves the grouping of different generations of the same family that is united through marriage (Every Culture, 2012). The nuclear family is defined by the extended family and there is a high degree of collectivism (Bashkin, 2011). Marriage in Iraq is seen as the joining of two families and this leads to strong connections to each other. Traditionally, the role of men and women are defined and fixed (Fontan, 2009). However, after the Iran-Iraq war where many men were recruited to fight in the battlefield, the nation included a liberal approach to women and their rights. Education is defined by the new

Financial Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Financial Strategy - Essay Example â€Å"Value added† is only meaningful in the context of some kind of value that a firm's portfolio has that isn't immediately apparent from their stock prices or investment guide. The fact that a company is connected to a larger company, for example, would be relevant to investors. Managing cost centres is normally quantified on the balance sheet anyways, but even when it isn't, it is a tiny part of the value added picture. Lu, Tsai and Yen (2010) point out that intangible assets are immensely important to valuing firms. â€Å"In knowledge-based economy, the method for creating firm value transfers from traditional physical assets to intangible knowledge. As intangible assets value is an important part of firm value, valuation of intangible assets becomes a widespread topic of interest in the future of economy† (Lu et al, 2010). Lu, Tsai and Yen point to six particular value-added sources that their data-mining from Taiwanese firms found: â€Å"R&D intensity, family, p articipation in management, pyramids, profitability, and dividend† (Lu et al, 2010). Intangible assets are clearly vital to a company: Indeed, they are the company, the money being the way for those assets to be deployed. What makes a company like Microsoft grow ten-thousand fold is intangible elements like strategy, intuition, etc. The problem with these assets is manifold: 1. These assets are not easily fungible. Bill Gates would not have been worth very much before Microsoft's ascension. 2. These assets are not easily measurable. Creativity, political connections, inherited knowledge from family, secret recipes... until they have been tried and tested in the market, they have no quantifiable value. 3. They are context-specific. A piece of land is worth however much it is objectively. But Bill Gates and Paul Allen were a team. Split them apart and their separate value was probably far, far lower. Aside from the factors that Lu, Tsai and Yen (2010) identify, intangible assets of value include far more. Political connections are immensely valuable: If someone can exert political pressure to protect one from upcoming regulation or other important legislation, that can be worth millions to the shareholders. Families are value-added because they typically have a shared sense of camaraderie and loyalty with less need for monitoring and because they have special knowledge passed down a family line not accessible to those outside of it. Again, the problem is the signal-to-noise ratio: The vast majority of family knowledge is not applicable to business success, but sometimes an individual piece of information in the flotsam and jetsam, like a recipe, actually is. Innovation is particularly important, especially a culture of innovation. Companies like Google, 3M, Microsoft in their heydey and Mac now are known for being innovators, which is partially created by the people they hire but also heavily determined by the organizational practices they implement. Partn erships with other firms would be another value-added investors should be aware of. Strategic partnerships have a proven track record of raising company value. In small-to-medium sized software companies, Kennedy and Keeney's research found that â€Å"strategic partnerships were initiated to take advantage of firm synergy, reputation and credibility

Calcium Chloride Essay Example for Free

Calcium Chloride Essay The temperature should be kept at the same throughout the experiment to create a set of fair and even results.   The volume of Hydrogen peroxide must be kept the same otherwise the alginate balls would travel different distances.   The shape of the measuring cylinder must be kept the same otherwise the alginate balls would travel different distances. The size of the yeast beads must be kept the same. The height I drop the beads at must remain the same otherwise the distance that the bead has to travel will be faster for different beads. Independent Variable: During the experiment, I changed the concentration of both hydrogen peroxide and water. Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide (%) Concentration of Water (%) Dependant Variable: I measured the time it took for the bead, after being dropped into the hydrogen peroxide and water solution, to sink to the bottom of the test tube and rise again to the top. The bead rises due to the production of Oxygen (O2) bubbles surrounding the bead. Apparatus: Diagrams: Making the beads Timing the rising of the beads List:   Alginate   Water. First of all I placed 3ml of alginate preparation into a small beaker.   I then added 3ml of well stirred yeast suspension. This means that the yeast-alginate solution was 1:2.   After that I mixed the contents of the beaker very thoroughly using a glass rod.   In a further beaker, I placed enough calcium chloride solution to give a depth of 3 ml. Using the glass rod, by holding it level with the rim of the beaker, I was able to drop some of the yeast-alginate mixture into the calcium chloride solution.   Following that I produced a bead of 5ml which lied at the bottom of the beaker.   I stirred the yeast-alginate mixture continuously with the glass rod, then I repeated this procedure to produce about 32 beads.   I examined the beads that I made.   I then removed and discarded any which were obviously different in size, distorted in shape, or which floated. The beads were picked up with a pair of tweezers. Method of the timing of the beads: First of all I set up the apparatus shown in the second diagram.   I then drop each bead in to the hydrogen peroxide and water solution (10ml).   As soon as the bead is dropped from the tweezers I start the stop watch and stop it again when the bead reaches the surface.   I will repeat each experiment 4 times and at 10 different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and water.   Each time, I will change the concentration of the solution by 10%. Prediction I predict that if I halve the concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide the time taken for the alginate balls to rise will double. I think this because of the particle collision theory, which states that if there are twice as many particles there is twice the probability that the particles will collide. Therefore if there are half as many there is half the probability that the particles will collide. Results Table Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide (%) Concentration of Water (%) Time (s) Conclusion/Analysis I think that my results turned out like I predicted in my prediction, but at the end of the results the alginate balls take longer than I predicted. By looking at the graph I have drawn you can see that if you take a point on the X axis (e. g. 40) then follow it along to the Y axis and read the result and then do the same twice as far up the X axis (e.g. 80) the number you get on the Y axis should be double the previous number. I have highlighted this on the graph to show that the results are correct to my prediction. The results turned out this way because of the particle collision theory that states that if there are twice as many particles there is twice the probability that the particles will collide. Therefore if there are half as many there is half the probability that the particles will collide. I could make this experiment better by making more accurate measurements. For example if I measured every alginate ball and weighed them to make sure all the balls are the same the results are likely to be more accurate. Also if I repeated the results many more times I would get a more accurate set of results. Another important factor to consider is that Human accuracy in measuring the time is not terribly accurate. You could make your results more accurate by using light gates to sense the alginate balls passing certain points (Top and bottom). By looking at my graph I think you can see that my results are good enough to support my conclusion.

Censorship and Banned Books Essay -- Sensorship Literature Ban

Censorship and Banned Books "Books are dangerous. They make you thinkÂ…feelÂ…wonderÂ…. They make you ask questions (Weiss p.2)." At the present time, at least seventy-five books are being banned. This is hurting our culture more than it is helping. This has to be stopped; books cannot be taken off of the shelves at the rate that they are today. The books that are being taken off of the shelves are, for the most part, considered classics. The act of book banning puts limitations on what authors can say, and what readers can read (Dorshemer p.1). The banning of books in America is a violation of our first amendment rights. Amendment 1 of the United States Constitution states as follows: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievance (Dorsheimer p.1). As long as humans have sought to communicate, others have sought to prevent them. Everyday someone tries to restrict what can be said, written, sung, or broadcast. Almost every idea ever has proved to be objectionable to one person or another. Books, especially public and school library books are among the most visible targets. Books are of often challenged due to an individual or group of individuals considering the book to be controversial, immoral, inappropriate, sexually explicit, divisive, corrupt, vulgar, violent, or even wicked (Weiss p. 2.) Unfortunately, among the most banned books are some of the best loved modern classics. But by far the most common type of censorship involves books quietly disappearing from libraries. Sometimes a parent ... ...rion to nail down in real life with real children (Miner)." Issues of age appropriateness are most common in elementary and middle schools. Teachers, parents, and the courts have generally recognized that the older the student, the more that student has "the right to know." Of the questions about age-appropriate material, the one that schools in the early elementary classroom seem least prepared to deal with, in part because it is relatively new, is the controversy over discussion of gay and lesbian families. Banning books not only violates our rights, it also puts our society in danger of not thinking for ourselves Books must be put back on our shelves for all to enjoy. As Goethe once said, "There is nothing more frightening than active ignorance (Weiss p.2)." Books are not what we should be scared of; it is the people who try to take the books away from us.

Types of Family

1. What is a nuclear family? A nuclear family consists of a unit, which has an adult male and female with their dependant offspring. In common terms this means that there are direct relations such as parents, brothers and sisters. However, if the two adults don't have children it therefore means that they are not part of a nuclear family, they are just part of a household. They must also be related by blood, marriage or adoption to qualify as a nuclear family. The family is based on the concept of monogamy, which in our society is built into the Christian moral code and is supported by our judicial system in England. It is illegal in our society for bigamy to take place. 2. How does the extended family vary from the nuclear? The structure of families varies form society to society. The smallest family unit is the nuclear, whilst units larger than the nuclear family are often known as extended families. Such families can be seen as extensions of the nuclear unit, either vertical extensions – for example, the additions of members of a third generation such as the spouses parents, or, horizontal extensions – the addition of the same generation as the spouse, e.g. cousins. All of these are blood relatives. 3. What is Kinship? Kinship describes people who are blood related, married or provide support for members of a group. These can be friends or neighbours. They are also about how they influence others within their group relationships. Socialisation and Social Placement 1. What is Socialisation? Socialisation is a lifelong experience in which we learn values. When in the family, it is named primary socialisation where children learn the basic rules of behaviour, norms and beliefs. These include general politeness, table manners, reading etc†¦ Later on follows secondary socialisation, which reinforces the norms of living but in a more mature way. We also learn appropriate patterns of behaviour in specific social situations 2.Why is socialisation important? Socialisation is important to maintain the rules of society and learn how to cope with day-to-day life and other people. If there were no form of socialisation, then there would be no maturity in the world in which we live in. There are certain social institutions in which help to upkeep the society such as the judicial system. This enforces the laws of our country, which are made to allow people to live more harmoniously with one another. 3. Who decides what is correct socialisation? Each different society has its own norms and behavioural rules. For instance, doing something totally natural and respectable in one society may be looked down on in another. Therefore there is no one correct type of socialisation, but it depends on the surrounding community. There are, however, rules set by the society's judicial system, which if not adhered to, may result in punishment in the form of fines, warnings or imprisonment. 4. How have ideas of relevant socialisation changed Britain in the last 20 years? Firstly, the media has a profound impact on our society. This institution is booming after the effects that it has on us, whether it is a positive impact, or, usually negative and gives people a bad name. As the media industry has increased, sports have been growing in popularity by the means of television, and sports have been encouraged to be played at an earlier age. Secondly, the government has changed hands from Conservative to Labour. This has had many effects on the way in which we live like transport systems, tuition fees, scholarships/assisted places etc†¦ But, not all of our ways of day-to-day life has changed though. For instance, some of today's clothing fashions were popular a generation ago. Also, there are still exams, but more of them. There are different subjects to be taught and more people being admitted to universities.

Nutrition in a Toddler’s year Essay

Toddlers grow rapidly, and it is important that they get the best nutrition possible during this time. Their brains develop quickly, and their bodies gain strength to be able to work, run and play. Proper nutrition will help ensure that toddlers will get the best start in life. It is hard enough to get toddlers to sit still for meals let alone keep track of how much they eat, the problem is are toddlers eating enough? And what gives with the days they suddenly eat as though they are wolfing down their last meal? Why the inconsistency? Rest assured that extreme fluctuations in appetites are fairly typical. They do not need to eat as much as they did when they were infants and their appetites reflect that. So while it is important to offer children there regular meals and two or three healthy snacks a day. (Think of it is six mini- meals). In this constantly expanded nutrition essay I will review the important nutrition issues from infant to toddler. How much food do they need? â€Å"Nutrition guide for toddlers† kids’ health.org the Nemours foundation 5 December 2012 http//Kidshealth.org/PagerManager.jsp?dn=KidsHealht&lic=1&ps=107&cat_id=207387&art†¦ The toddler’s transition, especially between 12-24 months, when they are learning to eat table food and accepting new tastes and textures, babies grow at a lightning pace; 3 inches every 3 months. A toddler in contrast, grows at a much slower rate, only 3-5 inches in an entire year. While growth slows somewhat, nutrition remains a top priority. It is also a time for parents to shift gears, leaving bottles behind and moving into a new era where kids will eat and drink independently. Depending on their age, size and activity level, toddlers need about 1000-1400 calories a day. Refer to the chart below to get on idea of how much should be eating and what kinds of food would satisfy the requirements. Trust your own judgment and toddlers cues to tell if he or she is satisfy and getting ade quate nutrition. Nutrition is all about averages, so don’t panics if you  don’t hit every mark every day, just strive to provide a wide variety of nutrients in your child’s diet. For kids between 12 and 24 months, the 2-years –old recommendations can serve as a guide, but during this year toddlers may not be eating this much at least a first, when a range of amounts I given, the higher amount applies to kids who are older, bigger, or more active and need more calories. â€Å"Nutrition to variety† 1pch.org Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital at Stamford, 5 December 2012 Http//www.1pch.org/DiseaseHealthinf/HealthLibrary/growth/tdlr.html. This article intended to toddler parents, offer helpful feeding information for toddler (age 1 to 3 years) phase can often be challenging when it comes to feeding. Several developmental changes occur at this time. Toddlers are striving for independence and control, their growth rate slows down and with this comes a decrease in appetite, these changes can make meal structure and set limits for the toddler. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the U.S Department of Health and Human Services have prepared a food guide for children 2 years and older. The food guide can help parents and child eat a variety of foods while encouraging the right amount of calories and fat. The foods are divided into 5 groups plus oil: * Grain: Consumed each day whole grains food include oatmeal, whole- wheat flour, whole cornmeal, brown rice, and whole wheat bread. * Vegetables: Choose a variety of vegetables, including dark green and orange – colored, kinds, legumes, (peas, and beans) and starchy vegetables. * Fruits: Any fruits or 100 percent fruit juice counts as part of the fruit group. Fruits may be fresh, canned, frozen, or dried, and may be whole, cup – up, or pureed. * Oils: Know the limits on fats, sugar, and salt (sodium) make most of your fat sources from fish, nuts, and vegetables oils. * Milk: Products contain calcium and vitamin D both important ingredients in building and maintaining bone tissue. Use low fat or fat free milk after age two. During the first year of life infants should be fed breast milk or iron- fortified formula. * Meats and beans: Meats and poultry, more fish, nuts, seeds, peas, and beans, can help improve toddlers behavior.

Macbeth Critisism essays

Macbeth Critisism essays Macbeth Essay As I first started to watch the movie, Macbeth, I thought that it would be boring, poorly acted, and not truly portray the play. I knew I had made my decision too quickly as the movie proceeded; and by the end of the movie I was mesmerized by the quality of the actors, how the simplicity made following and understanding easier, and how exact the dialogue was to the play. One of my favorite characters was Lady Macbeth because she put her heart into every line, and burst at the seams with emotion. I was impressed by the way she showed love for her husband, disgust towards him, regret, and disgust with herself. She best showed these feelings through her facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice. In the scene where she was sleepwalking, she really looked as through she was in a deep sleepwalk. The look of disappointment and regret in her face and words were so real. Lady Macbeth wore a plain styled gray dress that looked very dated and her hair pulled up into a cap gave a clear view of her face. Her simple dress was worn to show humbleness and purity, which is ironic because towards the end of the movie she disparately wanted to be purified of her horrible deeds. Macbeths character was also very well performed. Throughout the entire movie there was a sense of passion that made me wish I was in the audience to experience more intensely. The feelings of hope, confusion, guilt, and greed were successfully portrayed better than I had expected. I really got interested in his character about half way through the movie, as everyone started to catch on to Macbeths traitorous murders, he became more and more insane. If I hadnt read the play before seeing this movie, I would question why they dressed Macbeth in such sly and creepy clothes. He wore a very modern black leather jacket, black shirt, and black pants. His face was almost white and his hair was sli...

How to Tell If a Student Is Cheating on Exam

How to Tell If a Student Is Cheating on Exam There’s a 95% chance that the person reading this right now is a student wondering how professors detect cheating. Let’s talk frankly, most students cheat at one point or another in college. Anonymous studies and surveys from universities far and wide say as much. This post isn’t about morality and it’s not supposed to be an ethics lesson. We’re going to talk about the 10 little things to keep in mind if you find yourself up against a wall and need to take drastic measures to ensure you success (it happens to the best of us!). 1. Lightening Speed Completion Unless you set the precedent early, don’t try to be the first person done with a test. Now, if you studied your ass off and just know the content like a boss, okay fine get it done with asap. Otherwise, try to either hand it in once most other people in class do or take up the entire time. There’s a fair amount of benefits to being the last person to hand in a test once you think about it. 2. CopyScape These days professors that deal with writing can easily have a subscription to services like CopyScape which will allow them to copy/paste your writing into a plagiarism checker that searches the entire web†¦If you want to copy someone, fine. Just make sure that you personalize the data and write it in such a way that it would pass CopyScape with at least 90% original content. Spinning is one thing. Outright copying is another. 3. Surveillance Technology You might want to look around the class room. These days surveillance technology comes cheaply. Universities can get tons of the stuff at really low rates. Are there any little cameras in the classroom that you can’t see? 4. Individual Greetings/Desk Shakedowns Don’t try and write things on your hands, arms, the underside of your cap, etc. Professors that suspect something will typically greet students in person, or hand them out directly to students to give them a quick shakedown. And, they’ll have already check desks beforehand and washed away anything they find written on them. If they don’t, the janitorial services likely will. 5. Attendance In-Class Behavior You may not think so, but in the smaller to moderate-sized classes professors get an idea of your behavior. Make sure it matches up with your grades. Like, if you barely show up to class, are always day-dreaming instead of writing notes or never look like you have an idea what’s going on and then get 98% on the exam†¦they might be inclined to suspect something. 6. Whispering Wandering Eyes Dude, seriously? Don’t freaking whisper with people during class and if someone whispers to you shoosh them without turning and looking at them. Professors can pick up whispering at 100 yards downwind so this isn’t a wise option. Some might just give you a stern look or stare in your direction for a few minutes while others have zero tolerance and will yank your exam away immediately. 7. Pleading Desperation and then Excellence Right so when the surprise exam was announced you nearly have a panic attack and fled from class screaming. Then you get a high score. A good enough reason to suspect something. 8. Bathroom Break? Unless you’re a gifted actor and can pull off one of the most epic potty dances of all time for the entire class to gawk at, avoid this method. Most professors won’t allow it and if they do and you end up being gone too long and acing the exam it will throw you into the shadows of doubt. 9. Irregular Unwarranted Performance This is pretty straightforward. So you’ve been getting consistent C’s and then magically out of nowhere you get 100% while everyone else averaged 75%. Hmm, does that seem suspect to you? Make sure you know whether a test is being graded on a scale or not, and NEVER be afraid to put a professor on the spot and ask, â€Å"What have your students typically averaged on this test?† If it’s one of those crazy impossible tests then you getting high abnormal and irregular scores will come off as unwarranted. 10. Identical Scores Seating Locations Weird, you and your best class buddy who sits directly in front of you got the same exact score. While on the one hand this could simply mean you study together outside class, the professor will probably think something’s up. They tend to pay attention to these things because they take their jobs in society seriously. As should you. Did we miss anything? Obviously there’s a whole lot more when it comes to technology. Leave a comment and let us know what kinds of thing professors are doing these days to weed out any cheating.

The Regina Manifesto Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Regina Manifesto - Essay Example The party was founded in 1932 by socialists, agrarian and labour groups who sought reprieve following the great depression that hit most of the world’s economies. Among the major groups that founded the party, include farmers’ organisations mainly the United Farmers of Alberta, academics from the League for Social Reconstruction and members of parliament allied to farmer and trade union organisations. The Regina manifesto is regarded as the founding document adopted by the cooperative commonwealth federation in 1933 during its initial national convention (Turner 320). The convention was held at Regina in Saskatchewan thus the name and the platform that is the Regina manifesto served as a stamp from the intellectuals who sought change. The document highlighted a new social order that would wipe out the existing capitalist system through economic planning, which would replace the profit motive of democratic control of natural resources and the means of production. It woul d also be achieved using political power to establish economic equality and social justice for all. The manifesto, in essence, aimed at eradicating the capitalist system and establishing a socialist economy. The manifesto laid down a wide variety of goals that it believed were necessary in alleviating the suffering on its citizens caused by the great depression at the time. The goals included public ownership of industries, universal pension and health care services, compensation for workers, unemployment insurance among others. As such, CCF became an alternative to the liberal and conservative parties by offering party policies and hope to Canadians who were struggling to cope with harsh economic times. The manifesto strongly condemned the capitalist system for what was termed as inherent injustice, inhumanity, chaotic waste, and economic instability. The capitalist system was also accused of domination with exploitation of one social class by another based on wealth. The replaceme nt of capitalism with a new social order through the Regina manifesto outlined how life of all Canadians would improve following the establishment of the national planning commission, which would be responsible for leading the socialisation of a variety of industries (â€Å"The Regina Manifesto...†). The document also aimed at acknowledging family farming as the basis of agricultural production and pledged financial support through social control of the financial system. Moreover, the CCF through their manifesto, proposed the establishment of a welfare system, which would ensure protection of industrial workers through collective bargaining and regulation of government wages. This would ensure a uniform code in the labour sector and thus equality. The welfare system would also establish an emergency program to cope with unemployment while coordinating an equitable taxation system throughout Canada. This would be facilitated by an instant review of the federal and provincial p rovenience of revenue. The manifesto also pledged the humanisation of the legal system, which would see the end of discrimination based on sex while according freedom of speech and assembly to all. In order to achieve the above, CCF established itself within the Canadian politics through the election of members to parliament and provincial legislature institutions. The popularity of the new party grew, as did its membership owing to the new lease of life through their policies. However, the CCF was divided following the outbreak of the Second World War due to the conflict between the uncompromising pacifists and supporters of Canada's entry into the war.

History of Christian Thought - Final Exam Questions Essay

History of Christian Thought - Final Exam Questions - Essay Example They were concerned with the future consequences of the kingdom. They identified themselves as â€Å"The Community of the Poor† and their social philosophies always favored the poor people (Frend, 27-28). Jesus Christ was given a violent death by his antagonists who crucified him onto a cross. The Jewish religion believed that the prophets usually sacrificed their lives as a martyr, and Jesus death occurred in a similar circumstance. Of course, being the â€Å"Son of God†, he resurrected himself within three days of his dying. Thus, his followers came to regard him as â€Å"the true and faithful martyr† who sacrificed his life for the salvation of mankind (Frend, 54). Paul, a religious genius, shifted the Christian ideology away from Palestinian Judaism to the Jewish cultural centers in Europe and Asia Minor. According to him, although Christianity was a reform movement within Judaism, one could become a Christian only through a formal process of baptism to the r eligion. However, Paul had not respected the Christian followers at Jerusalem and they naturally opposed his philosophies (Frend, 89). 2. During the 2nd century, Rome emerged as the leading center in Christianity. According to the account in Clement I, the Roman Church was governed by presbyter bishops, instead of a single authoritative bishop. Hermas’ account suggests that different religious officials were responsible of carrying out different tasks: Clement was in charge of the foreign correspondence of the Church while other bishops or overseers were asked to monitor the area of hospitality and other charitable activities of the institution. During this time, Rome also started implementing beneficial activities for communities living beyond the city (Frend, 130). During 130-180, the Christian religion experienced the advent of the Gnostic movement. The movement advocated a form of Gentile Christianity, which encouraged its followers to encompass all kinds of knowledge and experience in their ultimate aim of achieving salvation centering around the divinity of Christ. Basilides, Valentinus, and Heracleon were three of the pioneering teachers of the movement, who working in Alexandria, spread its influence to Rome, Italy, Asia Minor and the Rhone valley. The Gnostic philosophy laid the foundation for the Alexandrian school of theology and Christian Platonism, which flourished in the subsequent centuries (Frend, 195). During this time, the Christian religion was retained its presence although in a smaller scale. During the second century, Christians had become almost a minority in certain places of the western world. By this time, new religious movements were also emerging which differed from Christianity in their basic ideals. Religious fanaticism had reached such a peak that, Christians being a minority began to be persecuted at different places of the Roman Empire. 3. During the 2nd and the 3rd centuries, the Roman Empire started to witness evidence of religious syncretism among its citizens. During the ancient time, the empire had been under the pagan influence after which the Christian religion had become popular among the people. Now, influences of other religions had started percolating into Christianity and the people had started to include these new practices within their existing

Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Research - Assignment Example The study involves a population of 656 care workers from 14 nursing homes in Korea (Ha et al., 2014, p. 426). The nursing homes have a capacity of more than 50 elderly residents where the administrators agree to participate in the study (Ha et al., 2014, p.426). The researchers requested the administrators to distribute the questionnaire to their care workers to ensure that the sampling process had the required authorization. The study involves a structured questionnaire survey on the identified population conducted for 14 days (Ha et al., 2014, p. 426). Clearly, the sampling process used in this context manifests simple random sampling method. There are controls on the timeframe, population characteristics, location of the sample, and capacity of the sample units. The nursing homes in Korea define the sampling frame while the 14 nursing homes in Korea with a capacity of more than 50 elderly residents defined the sampling unit (Ha et al., 2014, p. 426). Moreover, the study defines care workers from the 14 nursing homes in Korea as a sampling frame. Having established a list of population elements, the researchers selected a random sample of 504 care workers working at 14 nursing homes who agreed to participate in the study (Ha et al., 2014, p. 426). Apparently, the researchers examine the descriptive statistics of the participants. The researchers conduct the reliability and validity tests for all the structured questions. As required in simple random sampling, the researchers use a computer program, SPSS 12.0 for Windows to conduct statistical analysis on how to conduct random selection of the research subjects (Ha et al., 2014, p. 427). The research subjects include organisational support, high-performance work practices, turnover intention, and organisational commitment (Ha et al., 2014, p. 426). The sampling method used in the study is very effective.

An Exploratory Study on Consumer Decision-Making Behavior in Pakistan Essay Example for Free

An Exploratory Study on Consumer Decision-Making Behavior in Pakistan Essay For example, the classical schools of marketing thought relied on the social sciences such as economics, sociology and anthropology and focused on aggregate market behavior. This gave way to the managerial schools of marketing thought in which the focus of attention and understanding shifted to the individual customers while social sciences disciplines continued to dominate marketing thinking. Customer behavior is actually a study of consumer buying behavior. Consumer buying behavior tells about why, how, when and where a consumer wants to purchase a product. It tells about the buyer decision making process. (Janssens, 2006) It enlightens the uniqueness of a single consumer, how he makes decision to satisfy his wants. What references he may use in this process, such as family, friends, reference groups, and society in general. (Archana, 2009) Patrick De Pelsmacker conseders that consumers have to impose products in respect to Psychological behavior and needs which further alienated in Perception, Learning, Attitude, Personality, and Lifestyle. (Patrick J. 2007) Behavior of consumers in different part of Sahiwal city will be analyzed by using questionnaire method. This research will also give insight into Social influences regarding Family, Social class, Reference groups and Culture of consumers. (Brinkmann, 2004) This behavioral study will also enlighten on needs and wants in consumer buying behavior. The results will also show the consumers extent of loyalty, trust and satisfaction in retail brands that have a direct impact on their pur chase decisions. (Constantine, E, ; Rigopoulou) Consumer behavior is an integral part of our daily lives. The psychological and social processes involved in buying and consuming goods and services form the subject matter of this text. The objective positivist approach to studying cause and effect in consumer behavior (as in any other kind of behavior), will be combined with the interpretive emphasis on trying to understand the emotional, non-rational aspects of the process. The environment which the consumer operates in, including the nature of the market place for goods and services, also needs to be considered. Behavior of consumers in different part of Sahiwal city will be analyzed. This research will also give insight into Social influences regarding Family, Social class. This behavioral study will also enlighten on needs and wants in consumer buying behavior. The results will also show the consumers extent of loyalty, trust and satisfaction in retail brands that have a direct impact on their purchase decisions. Data should be collected from the target market and then will be analyzed through SPSS software.

Effect of Environment in There Are No Children Here Essay -- There are

Effect of Environment in There Are No Children Here In There are No Children Here, by Alex Kotlowitz, the way of life in Chicago's Henry Horner projects has a profound effect on all the residents who live there. The children become desensitized by the constant violence that they are forced to witness every day. Children are forced to walk home from school through the urban war zone of these housing projects. It is not unusual for the children to run home from school to avoid becoming casualties of the ongoing battle between rival gangs. The violence has affected Lafeyette and Pharaoh as much as anyone in the projects. The two children are affected by the environment in completely different ways. Pharaoh, the youngest, takes his surroundings very seriously. Any time that Pharaoh can get a chance, he goes to secret places in order to be alone with his thoughts. The more violence, death, and hardship that Pharaoh is forced to witness, the more deeply he is affected. Through the two years about which Kotlowitz writes in his book, Pharaoh develops a stutter. This stutter be... Effect of Environment in There Are No Children Here Essay -- There are Effect of Environment in There Are No Children Here In There are No Children Here, by Alex Kotlowitz, the way of life in Chicago's Henry Horner projects has a profound effect on all the residents who live there. The children become desensitized by the constant violence that they are forced to witness every day. Children are forced to walk home from school through the urban war zone of these housing projects. It is not unusual for the children to run home from school to avoid becoming casualties of the ongoing battle between rival gangs. The violence has affected Lafeyette and Pharaoh as much as anyone in the projects. The two children are affected by the environment in completely different ways. Pharaoh, the youngest, takes his surroundings very seriously. Any time that Pharaoh can get a chance, he goes to secret places in order to be alone with his thoughts. The more violence, death, and hardship that Pharaoh is forced to witness, the more deeply he is affected. Through the two years about which Kotlowitz writes in his book, Pharaoh develops a stutter. This stutter be...

On Men and Governments

The original intent of the Olympics was to bring peace to the warring regions of Greece through national unity and awareness. The modern Olympic Games, which began in 1892, changed the goals of the athletic competition because of the international movements surrounding women’s rights, the tensions that wars and social issues put on nationalism and political identities, and the economic gains that came with the Olympics. The women’s rights movement saw a dramatic increase in the 20th century as the role and portrayal of women changed with the times. The modern Olympic Games allowed for women to compete, beginning in the 1908 Olympics held in Great Britain. Sybil Newall competed in the archery competition (Doc. 2). In a time when only 2% of the competitors were women and the women’s suffrage movement was gaining speed, Sybil’s actions would have inspired women all over the world to take more charge and to fight for more rights. In 1995, Hassiba Boulmerka was quoted in an interview concerning her Olympic experience in 1992. She said that her wins gave not only her confidence, but gave confidence to all of the women in her country who â€Å"[were] capable of becoming athletes, but psychologically, they didn’t think so† (Doc 8). In a predominantly Muslim country, a woman competing in shorts would challenge the social norm and the way that women were seen tremendously. Boulmerka made this statement because she saw the women’s rights movement and wanted to keep inspiring women so that more of the Olympics could be shaped by women. Wars during this period rocked the world and everyone in it. In the first modern Olympics, Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the movement, made a statement saying that with the addition of the modern Olympics, the world would become a utopian place where every country was an ally of every country because the games would provide international and diplomatic peace rather that instigating war (Doc 1). The idea that the Olympics could provide international piece was shattered when the multiple wars broke out during this period: these wars not only pit country against country, but challenged athletes to beat the others in newer demanding ways. Arnold Lunn, of the British team in the 1936 games, recalls that the German teams tried hard not only to just beat the other athletes, but to prove â€Å"that Nazism was better than democracy† (Doc 3). The point of winning then was not just to win the medal, but to say that one’s country was inherently better than the losing teams home countries. Tensions from the Cold War put stress on the athletes in the 1952 games held in Finland. Bob Matthias, a U. S. ompetitor recalled that beating the enemy felt better than beating allies (Doc 4). The nationalism that the American media and government sent out during this time caused him to say this because it made him believe that to win the Cold War, we also had to beat the Soviets at everything else. Also during the Cold War games, the Soviet Union’s Olympic Organizing Committee stated that the reason Moscow was chosen to host the games was because the Soviet Union â€Å"[was] a beacon of peace, democracy, and social pr ogress† (Doc 6). This statement was made because the committee wanted the rest of the world to know how the Soviets saw themselves: as better than the United States. Ali Kabir of Pakistan stated that the reason that the men’s field hockey team didn’t do well in the 2000 Olympics was because â€Å"[their] social values [shrunk] from that of national pride to self-promotion† (Doc 10). He states that because the country’s men didn’t have a strong sense of national identity, they could not actively compete hard enough to win. The modern Olympic movement was also shaped by the economic factors that went into hosting the Olympic Games and having advertising rights. Ryotaro Azuma, mayor of Japan during the 1964 games in Tokyo, stated that not only did the country need the games to get it out of the post-war mentality in the eyes of other nations, but so that it could rise to a world power in trade, which it likely wouldn’t have done without the help of the Olympics (Doc 5). Not only were the Olympics shaped by trade, but they were shaped by advertisers and sponsors. A Japanese economic journal recorded that Korea â€Å"failed to avail itself of an opportunity to display its industrial and economic power† because it wasn’t selected to be a sponsor of the 1998 games (Doc 7). The International Olympic Committee’s prices for broadcast rights went up from 100 million (USD) to almost 1. 4 billion in a span of 20 years. (Doc 9). Only countries that could afford that could have a chance to have broadcasting rights, so many couldn’t buy these and were left out from participating in an aspect of the games. Another document from a citizen and not a newspaper or a team member could be useful in analyzing the effect as then we could see how the public saw the Olympics change over time with the addition of different factors, such as women or the tensions during wars. The modern Olympics were changed and sculpted by the aspects of a changing world. Because of political identities and the rise of nationalism, the women’s rights movement, and economic factors on a global market, the modern games worked out differently than ever could have been imagined by those who created it.

Is it Ethical for Regional Airline to Pay First Year Essay

As compared to other airline workers, pilots are the most costly with labor being the largest cost for all airline companies. In fact, contract negotiations between pilot unions and the airline management are usually bitter. Recently, contract negotiations between the world’s largest airlines, UAL Corp’s, and its pilots resulted in the increase of costs throughout the airline or aviation industry. These contract negotiations between UAL Corp’s and its pilots led to the several negotiations between major airlines and various labor groups. In the previous years, first year pilots were paid less than $ 20,000 while major airline captains earned well over $100,000. While a pilot usually begin at a major carrier with at least eight years of preceding experience, they are paid depending on the years at the airline company and the aircraft flown. A typical month for a pilot includes only fifteen days of work and eighty flight hours a month. On the other hand, these pilots often spend the other eighty hours on duty at airports. However, the pilots are usually paid for the eighty flight hours and not the hours spent on duty at airports. Notably, pilots are considered as one of the well paid workers and their salaries are usually based on the measure of productivity and responsibility (Hirschfeld, 2001). Airline captains are often paid depending on the aircraft’s size, number of passengers, cargo tonnage and distance moved. Its however important to note that pilots not only have incredible amount of responsibility but they also have incredible training requirements. Even with the responsibilities and requirements that come with this profession, there is a need for setting limits that explain what constitutes a pilot’s reasonable and fair pay. Throughout the years, pilots’ salary increments have usually been ridiculously wide with most of their labor groups demanding a salary increment of thirty percent every four years. Additionally, there is always a huge annual salary difference between pilots at the bottom of the ladder and senior pilots for majors. Pilot’s Requirements: As I mentioned in the previous page, this profession requires not only an incredible amount of responsibility but also training requirements. As a profession with these requirements, there are other important personal requirements established by the government. Most importantly, to clearly examine whether it’s ethical for regional airline to pay first year pilots $20,000. 00, it’s necessary to look at these requirements. The requirements include: Age Limits: The minimum and maximum age requirements set by the government varies for various airline pilots. While private pilots and commercial pilots should have a minimum age of seventeen and eighteen years respectively, applicants for air transport pilot certificate should have a minimum age of twenty-three years. On the other hand, the common retirement age on listed airlines is sixty years of age. Physical Health Requirements: As compared to other professions, pilots are required to meet strict physical health conditions. These pilots are usually given medical certificates which are classified into different categories depending on the respective country. However, each of these categories not only has specific physical health requirements but their certificates are valid for different time periods. In the United States and Canada, trainees for an airline position should take a physician from FAA and Transport Canada respectively (â€Å"Looking for a Career†, 2009). Furthermore, pilots are required to meet special physical demands and strict health standards by regulatory agencies. These demands basically concern body parts like lungs and heart as well as eyesight and physical dexterity. Airline pilots who may be dependent on drugs including prescription may be disqualified from flying. Education: This is one of the most critical requirements for airline pilot professionals and has in the recent part become increasingly intricate and mechanical. With the changing technology, there is a continuous demand for pilots to meet a higher standard. In fact, for airline pilots, learning is continuous because of the development of new aircraft designs, systems and procedures. As a result of the evolving aviation technology, pilots are not only required to master new systems but they are also required to regularly pass ground school courses and simulated flight checks. Additionally, these pilots are also required to have a thorough understanding of navigation, mathematics, meteorology and aeronautics. This thorough understanding is necessitated by the technicality and complexity of the aircraft’s navigation and communication systems. A pilot begins to acquire these skills at the secondary level of education with the main weight being on basic sciences such as math and physics. In addition to this advanced math, aeronautical engineering and sciences are necessary courses for pilots’ preparation at the tertiary level of education. These pilots should also have a good attitude and judgment because of the responsibility of taking care of many lives and the monetary value of the aircraft. Licensing Requirements: This is the final and critical requirement for both pilots and professionals in the airline industry. In preparation to become an airline pilot, it’s important to note that there are four levels of certificates of pilots. These pilots’ certificates are student, private, commercial and air/airline transport pilot certificates. However, pilot certificate holders may also have various types of certification or ratings with the exception for pilots with student pilot certificates. These ratings include land, helicopter, sea, instrument, single-engine and multi-engine flying certification. Prior to flying a large aircraft needing two-pilot crew, a pilot is required to have a type of rating. Ethics and Pilots Salaries: Having looked at the airline pilot requirements in the previous section of this paper, I will now examine whether it’s ethical for regional airline to pay first year pilots $20,000. As I mentioned earlier the requirements of the airline industry basically helps us to understand the foundation of this profession. This foundation is what determines the answer to the question we are examining. By and large, airline pilots go through a lot of preparations and trainings before qualifying to work in this profession. Their responsibility and productivity is significant in determining the salaries of these professionals. In order to find a better answer to the question we are examining, we need to understand the field of ethics. Ethics or the field of moral philosophy basically involves defending, planning and recommending right or wrong behavior concepts. The field of ethics is divided into three general subject areas namely normative ethics, metaethics and applied ethics by today’s philosophers. While metaethics investigates the origin of ethical principles, normative ethics involves a more practical task which finds out the moral standards that control right or wrong behavior. On the other hand, applied ethics studies specific controversial issues (Feiser, 2009). Applied ethics usually attempts to resolve these controversial issues by using the concepts of both metaethics and normative ethics. Therefore, controversial issues usually depend on general normative principles, metaethics and discussion of applied ethics. Whether or not it is okay for regional airlines to pay first time pilots $20,000 is a question that falls under applied ethics. This issue has generated debate with supporters of the amount arguing that these pilots should be paid so because of the responsibility they carry on their shoulders. However, opponents argue that pilots are grossly overpaid and greedy. However, considering the huge salary difference between first year pilots and major captains, this figure raises a lot of questions. Even after probably accumulating in excess of $80,000 in student loans, those who believe that regional airlines should pay first year pilots $20,000 cite the following reasons for their support: Inexperience: Inexperience of the first year pilots may be considered as the one of ethical reasons why the regional airlines pay their first year pilots $20,000. For one to be promoted to a captain and earn ore money, their experience in the airline industry is quite critical. In fact, for most of these first year pilots, flying half way through the country, sleeping in airport trailers and lounges as well as sleeping in plane floors has become a normal routine as regional airline seeks to employ experienced pilots. Consequently, these pilots are usually paid $20,000 because of their inexperience. Tough Conditions: As I had earlier discussed, there are strict educational requirement for a person to become a professional in the airline industry. In addition to these strict academic requirements, airline pilots are also required to have a vast amount of experience in order to become professionals in the airline industry. In fact, in early 2000s, regional airlines insisted on candidates with a minimum of 1,500 of total flight hours prior to an interview. This demand was rewarded with a high pay when one was hire as a pilot. However the current $20,000 pay is as a result of the lowering of this demand to a total of 500 flight hours before an interview. It may therefore be ethical for regional airlines to pay this amount. Additionally, since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, many airline companies especially regional airliners have gone through tough economic times. These harsh economic times have not only been due to the recent recession but also because of the fact that many companies are reducing costs of their businesses. Reasons why it’s unethical: After considering reasons why it may be ethical for regional airlines to pay first year pilots $20,000, I strongly believe that it’s unethical for the airline to pay this amount given the fact that these pilots have already accrued in excess of $80,000 in student loans. This is because of the following reasons: Day to Day Challenges: This is one of the reasons why it’s unethical for regional airline to pay first time pilots $20,000 especially after they have accrued in excess of $80,000 in student loans. This reason is in opposition to the ethical theory of consequentialism which considers an action to be morally right if its results are more favorable than unfavorable. This ethical theory usually demands the tallying of both good and bad results of an action. This amount of money is less as compared to the fact that these pilots have to pay the loans which may demand up to $1,000. The unethical prove of this amount of pay is the fact that more than half of the pilots of regional airline commute to work and hold down second jobs in order to make ends meet (McGreal, 2010). I believe that it is totally unethical because these pilots have to regularly pay their loans while struggling to cope with the demands of life. Usually student loan payments exceed $1,000 a month and it may be a tall order for these first year pilots to manage the demands of life as well as pay the student debts (Bailey, 2010). Regional airline should consider paying the first year pilots more than $20,000 in order for them to manage paying their student debts and cope with life. With this amount of pay, the ethical theory of consequentialism is not put into consideration since these pilots begin their jobs deeply in debt. In addition to these huge debts, most of these pilots are often forced to fly half way around the country prior to commencement of work. Seniority and Selfish Ambitions: As compared to major airline captains who earn between $150,000 and $215,000 annually, regional airline pilots are paid much less. However, regional airline senior pilots earn much more than their first year counterparts. The seniority ladder is quite evident here but the salary difference is huge. While I agree that first time pilots in regional carriers cannot be paid the same amount with their senior counterparts, there is a need of setting a fair and reasonable pay for these pilots. In addition to this, these senior pilots make it unethical for regional airlines to pay first year pilots $20,000 because of their continual demand of pay increase through pilots’ unions. These increment demands are usually driven by selfish ambitions of these senior pilots. These senior pilots demand premium pay through the powerful pilots’ unions (Smith, n. d. ). The selfish driven payment increment demands falls under the ethical principle of psychological egoism. This ethical principle of psychological egoism basically concerns the intrinsic selfishness of humans. This ethical principle also upholds that self-oriented interests eventually motivate all human actions. Over and over again, airline companies are usually forced to budge into these payment demands. As a result, first year pilots who usually begin their careers in the toughest conditions are not paid enough to reside in major cities where there employers are. Due to their less pay and the huge student debts that they have to pay, first year pilots of regional airlines end up relatively poor. It’s not ethical for senior captains to continue earning close to $250,000 annually while their other counterparts who have student debts in excess of $80,000 earn $20,000. Responsibility and Demands: By and large this is one of the major reasons why it’s unethical for regional airlines to pay first year pilots this amount considering the responsibility that pilots carry on their shoulders. These pilots not only carry the responsibility of the passengers as well as loads of mail and freight but they also carry the responsibility of controlling the multi-million dollar aircrafts. The responsibility of these pilots has also been increased with the recent technological advances in the aviation industry. These technological changes have not only improved the speed, safety and design of the aircraft but they have also changed the demands on the pilot. These increased demands on the pilot are also necessitated by the strict academic requirements and complexity of air-traffic system. Consequently, these demands have made the piloting job to be very challenging and fatiguing. I believe that it’s unethical for regional airline to pay their first year pilots $20,000 considering these responsibilities and the nature of the piloting job. Regardless of the airline company they work for, first year pilots and professionals in this industry are not overpaid (â€Å"Ten Most Overpaid Jobs†, 2003). For first year pilots, this amount from regional airlines is not their full market value. Conclusion: Having looked at both sides of the debate on whether it’s ethical for regional airline to pay their first year pilots $20,000 even after accruing over $80,000 n student loans, I strongly believe that is totally unethical for them to be paid such an amount. The academic qualifications, responsibilities and demands of these pilots are not different from their senior counter parts. Furthermore, these pilots have huge student loans that they should pay on a monthly basis. With all these facts in consideration, the amount raises serious ethical questions than it answers. 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